/*
 * InspIRCd -- Internet Relay Chat Daemon
 *
 *   Copyright (C) 2017, 2019 B00mX0r <b00mx0r@aureus.pw>
 *   Copyright (C) 2017 Sheogorath <sheogorath@shivering-isles.com>
 *   Copyright (C) 2016 Adam <Adam@anope.org>
 *   Copyright (C) 2014 Thomas Fargeix <t.fargeix@gmail.com>
 *   Copyright (C) 2013, 2018 Attila Molnar <attilamolnar@hush.com>
 *   Copyright (C) 2013, 2016-2020 Sadie Powell <sadie@witchery.services>
 *   Copyright (C) 2012 Robby <robby@chatbelgie.be>
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 jackmcbarn <jackmcbarn@inspircd.org>
 *   Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Daniel De Graaf <danieldg@inspircd.org>
 *   Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Robin Burchell <robin+git@viroteck.net>
 *   Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Dennis Friis <peavey@inspircd.org>
 *   Copyright (C) 2007 John Brooks <special@inspircd.org>
 *   Copyright (C) 2006 Oliver Lupton <om@inspircd.org>
 *   Copyright (C) 2003, 2007-2008, 2010 Craig Edwards <brain@inspircd.org>
 *
 * This file is part of InspIRCd.  InspIRCd is free software: you can
 * redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more
 * details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */


#include "inspircd.h"
#include "modules/hash.h"

enum CloakMode
{
	/** 2.0 cloak of "half" of the hostname plus the full IP hash */
	MODE_HALF_CLOAK,

	/** 2.0 cloak of IP hash, split at 2 common CIDR range points */
	MODE_OPAQUE
};

// lowercase-only encoding similar to base64, used for hash output
static const char base32[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv";

// The minimum length of a cloak key.
static const size_t minkeylen = 30;

struct CloakInfo
{
	// The method used for cloaking users.
	CloakMode mode;

	// The number of parts of the hostname shown when using half cloaking.
	unsigned int domainparts;

	// Whether to ignore the case of a hostname when cloaking it.
	bool ignorecase;

	// The secret used for generating cloaks.
	std::string key;

	// The prefix for cloaks (e.g. MyNet-).
	std::string prefix;

	// The suffix for IP cloaks (e.g. .IP).
	std::string suffix;

	CloakInfo(CloakMode Mode, const std::string& Key, const std::string& Prefix, const std::string& Suffix, bool IgnoreCase, unsigned int DomainParts = 0)
		: mode(Mode)
		, domainparts(DomainParts)
		, ignorecase(IgnoreCase)
		, key(Key)
		, prefix(Prefix)
		, suffix(Suffix)
	{
	}
};

typedef std::vector<std::string> CloakList;

class CloakExtItem : public SimpleExtItem<CloakList>
{
 public:
	CloakExtItem(Module* Creator)
		: SimpleExtItem("cloaks", ExtensionItem::EXT_USER, Creator)
	{
	}

	std::string ToHuman(const Extensible* container, void* item) const CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		return stdalgo::string::join(*static_cast<CloakList*>(item), ' ');
	}
};

class CloakUser : public ModeHandler
{
 public:
	bool active;
	CloakExtItem ext;
	std::string debounce_uid;
	time_t debounce_ts;
	int debounce_count;

	CloakUser(Module* source)
		: ModeHandler(source, "cloak", 'x', PARAM_NONE, MODETYPE_USER)
		, active(false)
		, ext(source)
		, debounce_ts(0)
		, debounce_count(0)
	{
	}

	ModeAction OnModeChange(User* source, User* dest, Channel* channel, std::string& parameter, bool adding) CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		LocalUser* user = IS_LOCAL(dest);

		/* For remote clients, we don't take any action, we just allow it.
		 * The local server where they are will set their cloak instead.
		 * This is fine, as we will receive it later.
		 */
		if (!user)
		{
			// Remote setters broadcast mode before host while local setters do the opposite, so this takes that into account
			active = IS_LOCAL(source) ? adding : !adding;
			dest->SetMode(this, adding);
			return MODEACTION_ALLOW;
		}

		if (user->uuid == debounce_uid && debounce_ts == ServerInstance->Time())
		{
			// prevent spamming using /mode user +x-x+x-x+x-x
			if (++debounce_count > 2)
				return MODEACTION_DENY;
		}
		else
		{
			debounce_uid = user->uuid;
			debounce_count = 1;
			debounce_ts = ServerInstance->Time();
		}

		if (adding == user->IsModeSet(this))
			return MODEACTION_DENY;

		/* don't allow this user to spam modechanges */
		if (source == dest)
			user->CommandFloodPenalty += 5000;

		if (adding)
		{
			// assume this is more correct
			if (user->registered != REG_ALL && user->GetRealHost() != user->GetDisplayedHost())
				return MODEACTION_DENY;

			CloakList* cloaks = ext.get(user);
			if (!cloaks)
			{
				/* Force creation of missing cloak */
				try
				{
					creator->OnUserConnect(user);
					cloaks = ext.get(user);
				}
				catch (CoreException& modexcept)
				{
					ServerInstance->Logs->Log(MODNAME, LOG_DEFAULT, "Exception caught when generating cloak: " + modexcept.GetReason());
					return MODEACTION_DENY;
				}
			}

			// If we have a cloak then set the hostname.
			if (cloaks && !cloaks->empty())
			{
				user->ChangeDisplayedHost(cloaks->front());
				user->SetMode(this, true);
				return MODEACTION_ALLOW;
			}
			else
				return MODEACTION_DENY;
		}
		else
		{
			/* User is removing the mode, so restore their real host
			 * and make it match the displayed one.
			 */
			user->SetMode(this, false);
			user->ChangeDisplayedHost(user->GetRealHost().c_str());
			return MODEACTION_ALLOW;
		}
	}
};

class CommandCloak : public Command
{
 public:
	CommandCloak(Module* Creator) : Command(Creator, "CLOAK", 1)
	{
		flags_needed = 'o';
		syntax = "<host>";
	}

	CmdResult Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters) CXX11_OVERRIDE;
};

class ModuleCloaking : public Module
{
 public:
	CloakUser cu;
	CommandCloak ck;
	std::vector<CloakInfo> cloaks;
	dynamic_reference<HashProvider> Hash;

	ModuleCloaking()
		: cu(this)
		, ck(this)
		, Hash(this, "hash/md5")
	{
	}

	/** Takes a domain name and retrieves the subdomain which should be visible.
	 * This is usually the last \p domainparts labels but if not enough are
	 * present then all but the most specific label are used. If the domain name
	 * consists of one label only then none are used.
	 *
	 * Here are some examples for how domain names will be shortened assuming
	 * \p domainparts is set to the default of 3.
	 *
	 *   "this.is.an.example.com"  =>  ".an.example.com"
	 *   "an.example.com"          =>  ".example.com"
	 *   "example.com"             =>  ".com"
	 *   "localhost"               =>  ""
	 *
	 * @param host The hostname to cloak.
	 * @param domainparts The number of domain labels that should be visible.
	 * @return The visible segment of the hostname.
	 */
	std::string VisibleDomainParts(const std::string& host, unsigned int domainparts)
	{
		// The position at which we found the last dot.
		std::string::const_reverse_iterator dotpos;

		// The number of dots we have seen so far.
		unsigned int seendots = 0;

		for (std::string::const_reverse_iterator iter = host.rbegin(); iter != host.rend(); ++iter)
		{
			if (*iter != '.')
				continue;

			// We have found a dot!
			dotpos = iter;
			seendots += 1;

			// Do we have enough segments to stop?
			if (seendots >= domainparts)
				break;
		}

		// We only returns a domain part if more than one label is
		// present. See above for a full explanation.
		if (!seendots)
			return "";
		return std::string(dotpos.base() - 1, host.end());
	}

	/**
	 * 2.0-style cloaking function
	 * @param item The item to cloak (part of an IP or hostname)
	 * @param id A unique ID for this type of item (to make it unique if the item matches)
	 * @param len The length of the output. Maximum for MD5 is 16 characters.
	 */
	std::string SegmentCloak(const CloakInfo& info, const std::string& item, char id, size_t len)
	{
		std::string input;
		input.reserve(info.key.length() + 3 + item.length());
		input.append(1, id);
		input.append(info.key);
		input.append(1, '\0'); // null does not terminate a C++ string
		if (info.ignorecase)
			std::transform(item.begin(), item.end(), std::back_inserter(input), ::tolower);
		else
			input.append(item);

		std::string rv = Hash->GenerateRaw(input).substr(0,len);
		for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
		{
			// this discards 3 bits per byte. We have an
			// overabundance of bits in the hash output, doesn't
			// matter which ones we are discarding.
			rv[i] = base32[rv[i] & 0x1F];
		}
		return rv;
	}

	std::string SegmentIP(const CloakInfo& info, const irc::sockets::sockaddrs& ip, bool full)
	{
		std::string bindata;
		size_t hop1, hop2, hop3;
		size_t len1, len2;
		std::string rv;
		if (ip.family() == AF_INET6)
		{
			bindata = std::string((const char*)ip.in6.sin6_addr.s6_addr, 16);
			hop1 = 8;
			hop2 = 6;
			hop3 = 4;
			len1 = 6;
			len2 = 4;
			// pfx s1.s2.s3. (xxxx.xxxx or s4) sfx
			//     6  4  4    9/6
			rv.reserve(info.prefix.length() + 26 + info.suffix.length());
		}
		else
		{
			bindata = std::string((const char*)&ip.in4.sin_addr, 4);
			hop1 = 3;
			hop2 = 0;
			hop3 = 2;
			len1 = len2 = 3;
			// pfx s1.s2. (xxx.xxx or s3) sfx
			rv.reserve(info.prefix.length() + 15 + info.suffix.length());
		}

		rv.append(info.prefix);
		rv.append(SegmentCloak(info, bindata, 10, len1));
		rv.append(1, '.');
		bindata.erase(hop1);
		rv.append(SegmentCloak(info, bindata, 11, len2));
		if (hop2)
		{
			rv.append(1, '.');
			bindata.erase(hop2);
			rv.append(SegmentCloak(info, bindata, 12, len2));
		}

		if (full)
		{
			rv.append(1, '.');
			bindata.erase(hop3);
			rv.append(SegmentCloak(info, bindata, 13, 6));
			rv.append(info.suffix);
		}
		else
		{
			if (ip.family() == AF_INET6)
			{
				rv.append(InspIRCd::Format(".%02x%02x.%02x%02x%s",
					ip.in6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[2], ip.in6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[3],
					ip.in6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[0], ip.in6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[1], info.suffix.c_str()));
			}
			else
			{
				const unsigned char* ip4 = (const unsigned char*)&ip.in4.sin_addr;
				rv.append(InspIRCd::Format(".%d.%d%s", ip4[1], ip4[0], info.suffix.c_str()));
			}
		}
		return rv;
	}

	ModResult OnCheckBan(User* user, Channel* chan, const std::string& mask) CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		LocalUser* lu = IS_LOCAL(user);
		if (!lu)
			return MOD_RES_PASSTHRU;

		// Force the creation of cloaks if not already set.
		OnUserConnect(lu);

		// If the user has no cloaks (i.e. UNIX socket) then we do nothing here.
		CloakList* cloaklist = cu.ext.get(user);
		if (!cloaklist || cloaklist->empty())
			return MOD_RES_PASSTHRU;

		// Check if they have a cloaked host but are not using it.
		for (CloakList::const_iterator iter = cloaklist->begin(); iter != cloaklist->end(); ++iter)
		{
			const std::string& cloak = *iter;
			if (cloak != user->GetDisplayedHost())
			{
				const std::string cloakMask = user->nick + "!" + user->ident + "@" + cloak;
				if (InspIRCd::Match(cloakMask, mask))
					return MOD_RES_DENY;
			}
		}
		return MOD_RES_PASSTHRU;
	}

	void Prioritize() CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		/* Needs to be after m_banexception etc. */
		ServerInstance->Modules->SetPriority(this, I_OnCheckBan, PRIORITY_LAST);
	}

	// this unsets umode +x on every host change. If we are actually doing a +x
	// mode change, we will call SetMode back to true AFTER the host change is done.
	void OnChangeHost(User* u, const std::string& host) CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		if (u->IsModeSet(cu) && !cu.active)
		{
			u->SetMode(cu, false);

			LocalUser* luser = IS_LOCAL(u);
			if (!luser)
				return;

			Modes::ChangeList modechangelist;
			modechangelist.push_remove(&cu);
			ClientProtocol::Events::Mode modeevent(ServerInstance->FakeClient, NULL, u, modechangelist);
			luser->Send(modeevent);
		}
		cu.active = false;
	}

	Version GetVersion() CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		std::string testcloak = "broken";
		if (Hash && !cloaks.empty())
		{
			const CloakInfo& info = cloaks.front();
			switch (info.mode)
			{
				case MODE_HALF_CLOAK:
					// Use old cloaking verification to stay compatible with 2.0
					// But verify domainparts and ignorecase when use 3.0-only features
					if (info.domainparts == 3 && !info.ignorecase)
						testcloak = info.prefix + SegmentCloak(info, "*", 3, 8) + info.suffix;
					else
					{
						irc::sockets::sockaddrs sa;
						testcloak = GenCloak(info, sa, "", testcloak + ConvToStr(info.domainparts)) + (info.ignorecase ? "-ci" : "");
					}
					break;
				case MODE_OPAQUE:
					testcloak = info.prefix + SegmentCloak(info, "*", 4, 8) + info.suffix + (info.ignorecase ? "-ci" : "");
			}
		}
		return Version("Adds user mode x (cloak) which allows user hostnames to be hidden.", VF_COMMON|VF_VENDOR, testcloak);
	}

	void ReadConfig(ConfigStatus& status) CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		ConfigTagList tags = ServerInstance->Config->ConfTags("cloak");
		if (tags.first == tags.second)
			throw ModuleException("You have loaded the cloaking module but not configured any <cloak> tags!");

		std::vector<CloakInfo> newcloaks;
		for (ConfigIter i = tags.first; i != tags.second; ++i)
		{
			ConfigTag* tag = i->second;

			// Ensure that we have the <cloak:key> parameter.
			const std::string key = tag->getString("key");
			if (key.empty())
				throw ModuleException("You have not defined a cloaking key. Define <cloak:key> as a " + ConvToStr(minkeylen) + "+ character network-wide secret, at " + tag->getTagLocation());

			// If we are the first cloak method then mandate a strong key.
			if (i == tags.first && key.length() < minkeylen)
				throw ModuleException("Your cloaking key is not secure. It should be at least " + ConvToStr(minkeylen) + " characters long, at " + tag->getTagLocation());

			const bool ignorecase = tag->getBool("ignorecase");
			const std::string mode = tag->getString("mode");
			const std::string prefix = tag->getString("prefix");
			const std::string suffix = tag->getString("suffix", ".IP");
			if (stdalgo::string::equalsci(mode, "half"))
			{
				unsigned int domainparts = tag->getUInt("domainparts", 3, 1, 10);
				newcloaks.push_back(CloakInfo(MODE_HALF_CLOAK, key, prefix, suffix, ignorecase, domainparts));
			}
			else if (stdalgo::string::equalsci(mode, "full"))
				newcloaks.push_back(CloakInfo(MODE_OPAQUE, key, prefix, suffix, ignorecase));
			else
				throw ModuleException(mode + " is an invalid value for <cloak:mode>; acceptable values are 'half' and 'full', at " + tag->getTagLocation());
		}

		// The cloak configuration was valid so we can apply it.
		cloaks.swap(newcloaks);
	}

	std::string GenCloak(const CloakInfo& info, const irc::sockets::sockaddrs& ip, const std::string& ipstr, const std::string& host)
	{
		std::string chost;

		irc::sockets::sockaddrs hostip;
		bool host_is_ip = irc::sockets::aptosa(host, ip.port(), hostip) && hostip == ip;

		switch (info.mode)
		{
			case MODE_HALF_CLOAK:
			{
				if (!host_is_ip)
					chost = info.prefix + SegmentCloak(info, host, 1, 6) + VisibleDomainParts(host, info.domainparts);
				if (chost.empty() || chost.length() > 50)
					chost = SegmentIP(info, ip, false);
				break;
			}
			case MODE_OPAQUE:
			default:
				chost = SegmentIP(info, ip, true);
		}
		return chost;
	}

	void OnSetUserIP(LocalUser* user) CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		// Connecting users are handled in OnUserConnect not here.
		if (user->registered != REG_ALL || user->quitting)
			return;

		// Remove the cloaks and generate new ones.
		cu.ext.unset(user);
		OnUserConnect(user);

		// If a user is using a cloak then update it.
		if (user->IsModeSet(cu))
		{
			CloakList* cloaklist = cu.ext.get(user);
			user->ChangeDisplayedHost(cloaklist->front());
		}
	}

	void OnUserConnect(LocalUser* dest) CXX11_OVERRIDE
	{
		if (cu.ext.get(dest))
			return;

		// TODO: decide how we are going to cloak AF_UNIX hostnames.
		if (dest->client_sa.family() != AF_INET && dest->client_sa.family() != AF_INET6)
			return;

		CloakList cloaklist;
		for (std::vector<CloakInfo>::const_iterator iter = cloaks.begin(); iter != cloaks.end(); ++iter)
			cloaklist.push_back(GenCloak(*iter, dest->client_sa, dest->GetIPString(), dest->GetRealHost()));
		cu.ext.set(dest, cloaklist);
	}
};

CmdResult CommandCloak::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
{
	ModuleCloaking* mod = (ModuleCloaking*)(Module*)creator;

	// If we're cloaking an IP address we pass it in the IP field too.
	irc::sockets::sockaddrs sa;
	const char* ipaddr = irc::sockets::aptosa(parameters[0], 0, sa) ? parameters[0].c_str() : "";

	unsigned int id = 0;
	for (std::vector<CloakInfo>::const_iterator iter = mod->cloaks.begin(); iter != mod->cloaks.end(); ++iter)
	{
		const std::string cloak = mod->GenCloak(*iter, sa, ipaddr, parameters[0]);
		user->WriteNotice(InspIRCd::Format("*** Cloak #%u for %s is %s", ++id, parameters[0].c_str(), cloak.c_str()));
	}
	return CMD_SUCCESS;
}

MODULE_INIT(ModuleCloaking)