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author | Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> | 2011-06-30 16:54:51 +0100 |
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committer | Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> | 2011-06-30 16:54:51 +0100 |
commit | fb9cbfc14c3b67932cf6563249abc4f4d2736246 (patch) | |
tree | 689aba54b29cacf011b473e012592f21a3f274d0 /doc/doc-txt/pcretest.txt | |
parent | 3634fc257bd0667daef14d72005cd87c735bbb24 (diff) |
Remove a few PCRE remnants.
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/doc-txt/pcretest.txt')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/doc-txt/pcretest.txt | 630 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 630 deletions
diff --git a/doc/doc-txt/pcretest.txt b/doc/doc-txt/pcretest.txt deleted file mode 100644 index d93ec26d1..000000000 --- a/doc/doc-txt/pcretest.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,630 +0,0 @@ -This file contains the PCRE man page that described the pcretest program. Note -that not all of the features of PCRE are available in the limited version that -is built with Exim. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -PCRETEST(1) PCRETEST(1) - - -NAME - pcretest - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions. - - -SYNOPSIS - - pcretest [options] [source] [destination] - - pcretest was written as a test program for the PCRE regular expression - library itself, but it can also be used for experimenting with regular - expressions. This document describes the features of the test program; - for details of the regular expressions themselves, see the pcrepattern - documentation. For details of the PCRE library function calls and their - options, see the pcreapi documentation. - - -OPTIONS - - -b Behave as if each regex has the /B (show bytecode) modifier; - the internal form is output after compilation. - - -C Output the version number of the PCRE library, and all avail- - able information about the optional features that are - included, and then exit. - - -d Behave as if each regex has the /D (debug) modifier; the - internal form and information about the compiled pattern is - output after compilation; -d is equivalent to -b -i. - - -dfa Behave as if each data line contains the \D escape sequence; - this causes the alternative matching function, - pcre_dfa_exec(), to be used instead of the standard - pcre_exec() function (more detail is given below). - - -help Output a brief summary these options and then exit. - - -i Behave as if each regex has the /I modifier; information - about the compiled pattern is given after compilation. - - -m Output the size of each compiled pattern after it has been - compiled. This is equivalent to adding /M to each regular - expression. For compatibility with earlier versions of - pcretest, -s is a synonym for -m. - - -o osize Set the number of elements in the output vector that is used - when calling pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() to be osize. The - default value is 45, which is enough for 14 capturing subex- - pressions for pcre_exec() or 22 different matches for - pcre_dfa_exec(). The vector size can be changed for individ- - ual matching calls by including \O in the data line (see - below). - - -p Behave as if each regex has the /P modifier; the POSIX wrap- - per API is used to call PCRE. None of the other options has - any effect when -p is set. - - -q Do not output the version number of pcretest at the start of - execution. - - -S size On Unix-like systems, set the size of the runtime stack to - size megabytes. - - -t Run each compile, study, and match many times with a timer, - and output resulting time per compile or match (in millisec- - onds). Do not set -m with -t, because you will then get the - size output a zillion times, and the timing will be dis- - torted. You can control the number of iterations that are - used for timing by following -t with a number (as a separate - item on the command line). For example, "-t 1000" would iter- - ate 1000 times. The default is to iterate 500000 times. - - -tm This is like -t except that it times only the matching phase, - not the compile or study phases. - - -DESCRIPTION - - If pcretest is given two filename arguments, it reads from the first - and writes to the second. If it is given only one filename argument, it - reads from that file and writes to stdout. Otherwise, it reads from - stdin and writes to stdout, and prompts for each line of input, using - "re>" to prompt for regular expressions, and "data>" to prompt for data - lines. - - The program handles any number of sets of input on a single input file. - Each set starts with a regular expression, and continues with any num- - ber of data lines to be matched against the pattern. - - Each data line is matched separately and independently. If you want to - do multi-line matches, you have to use the \n escape sequence (or \r or - \r\n, etc., depending on the newline setting) in a single line of input - to encode the newline sequences. There is no limit on the length of - data lines; the input buffer is automatically extended if it is too - small. - - An empty line signals the end of the data lines, at which point a new - regular expression is read. The regular expressions are given enclosed - in any non-alphanumeric delimiters other than backslash, for example: - - /(a|bc)x+yz/ - - White space before the initial delimiter is ignored. A regular expres- - sion may be continued over several input lines, in which case the new- - line characters are included within it. It is possible to include the - delimiter within the pattern by escaping it, for example - - /abc\/def/ - - If you do so, the escape and the delimiter form part of the pattern, - but since delimiters are always non-alphanumeric, this does not affect - its interpretation. If the terminating delimiter is immediately fol- - lowed by a backslash, for example, - - /abc/\ - - then a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to - provide a way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern - finishes with a backslash, because - - /abc\/ - - is interpreted as the first line of a pattern that starts with "abc/", - causing pcretest to read the next line as a continuation of the regular - expression. - - -PATTERN MODIFIERS - - A pattern may be followed by any number of modifiers, which are mostly - single characters. Following Perl usage, these are referred to below - as, for example, "the /i modifier", even though the delimiter of the - pattern need not always be a slash, and no slash is used when writing - modifiers. Whitespace may appear between the final pattern delimiter - and the first modifier, and between the modifiers themselves. - - The /i, /m, /s, and /x modifiers set the PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE, - PCRE_DOTALL, or PCRE_EXTENDED options, respectively, when pcre_com- - pile() is called. These four modifier letters have the same effect as - they do in Perl. For example: - - /caseless/i - - The following table shows additional modifiers for setting PCRE options - that do not correspond to anything in Perl: - - /A PCRE_ANCHORED - /C PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT - /E PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY - /f PCRE_FIRSTLINE - /J PCRE_DUPNAMES - /N PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE - /U PCRE_UNGREEDY - /X PCRE_EXTRA - /<cr> PCRE_NEWLINE_CR - /<lf> PCRE_NEWLINE_LF - /<crlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF - /<anycrlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF - /<any> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY - - Those specifying line ending sequencess are literal strings as shown. - This example sets multiline matching with CRLF as the line ending - sequence: - - /^abc/m<crlf> - - Details of the meanings of these PCRE options are given in the pcreapi - documentation. - - Finding all matches in a string - - Searching for all possible matches within each subject string can be - requested by the /g or /G modifier. After finding a match, PCRE is - called again to search the remainder of the subject string. The differ- - ence between /g and /G is that the former uses the startoffset argument - to pcre_exec() to start searching at a new point within the entire - string (which is in effect what Perl does), whereas the latter passes - over a shortened substring. This makes a difference to the matching - process if the pattern begins with a lookbehind assertion (including \b - or \B). - - If any call to pcre_exec() in a /g or /G sequence matches an empty - string, the next call is done with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY and PCRE_ANCHORED - flags set in order to search for another, non-empty, match at the same - point. If this second match fails, the start offset is advanced by - one, and the normal match is retried. This imitates the way Perl han- - dles such cases when using the /g modifier or the split() function. - - Other modifiers - - There are yet more modifiers for controlling the way pcretest operates. - - The /+ modifier requests that as well as outputting the substring that - matched the entire pattern, pcretest should in addition output the - remainder of the subject string. This is useful for tests where the - subject contains multiple copies of the same substring. - - The /B modifier is a debugging feature. It requests that pcretest out- - put a representation of the compiled byte code after compilation. Nor- - mally this information contains length and offset values; however, if - /Z is also present, this data is replaced by spaces. This is a special - feature for use in the automatic test scripts; it ensures that the same - output is generated for different internal link sizes. - - The /L modifier must be followed directly by the name of a locale, for - example, - - /pattern/Lfr_FR - - For this reason, it must be the last modifier. The given locale is set, - pcre_maketables() is called to build a set of character tables for the - locale, and this is then passed to pcre_compile() when compiling the - regular expression. Without an /L modifier, NULL is passed as the - tables pointer; that is, /L applies only to the expression on which it - appears. - - The /I modifier requests that pcretest output information about the - compiled pattern (whether it is anchored, has a fixed first character, - and so on). It does this by calling pcre_fullinfo() after compiling a - pattern. If the pattern is studied, the results of that are also out- - put. - - The /D modifier is a PCRE debugging feature, and is equivalent to /BI, - that is, both the /B and the /I modifiers. - - The /F modifier causes pcretest to flip the byte order of the fields in - the compiled pattern that contain 2-byte and 4-byte numbers. This - facility is for testing the feature in PCRE that allows it to execute - patterns that were compiled on a host with a different endianness. This - feature is not available when the POSIX interface to PCRE is being - used, that is, when the /P pattern modifier is specified. See also the - section about saving and reloading compiled patterns below. - - The /S modifier causes pcre_study() to be called after the expression - has been compiled, and the results used when the expression is matched. - - The /M modifier causes the size of memory block used to hold the com- - piled pattern to be output. - - The /P modifier causes pcretest to call PCRE via the POSIX wrapper API - rather than its native API. When this is done, all other modifiers - except /i, /m, and /+ are ignored. REG_ICASE is set if /i is present, - and REG_NEWLINE is set if /m is present. The wrapper functions force - PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY always, and PCRE_DOTALL unless REG_NEWLINE is set. - - The /8 modifier causes pcretest to call PCRE with the PCRE_UTF8 option - set. This turns on support for UTF-8 character handling in PCRE, pro- - vided that it was compiled with this support enabled. This modifier - also causes any non-printing characters in output strings to be printed - using the \x{hh...} notation if they are valid UTF-8 sequences. - - If the /? modifier is used with /8, it causes pcretest to call - pcre_compile() with the PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK option, to suppress the - checking of the string for UTF-8 validity. - - -DATA LINES - - Before each data line is passed to pcre_exec(), leading and trailing - whitespace is removed, and it is then scanned for \ escapes. Some of - these are pretty esoteric features, intended for checking out some of - the more complicated features of PCRE. If you are just testing "ordi- - nary" regular expressions, you probably don't need any of these. The - following escapes are recognized: - - \a alarm (BEL, \x07) - \b backspace (\x08) - \e escape (\x27) - \f formfeed (\x0c) - \n newline (\x0a) - \qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT limit to dd - (any number of digits) - \r carriage return (\x0d) - \t tab (\x09) - \v vertical tab (\x0b) - \nnn octal character (up to 3 octal digits) - \xhh hexadecimal character (up to 2 hex digits) - \x{hh...} hexadecimal character, any number of digits - in UTF-8 mode - \A pass the PCRE_ANCHORED option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \B pass the PCRE_NOTBOL option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \Cdd call pcre_copy_substring() for substring dd - after a successful match (number less than 32) - \Cname call pcre_copy_named_substring() for substring - "name" after a successful match (name termin- - ated by next non alphanumeric character) - \C+ show the current captured substrings at callout - time - \C- do not supply a callout function - \C!n return 1 instead of 0 when callout number n is - reached - \C!n!m return 1 instead of 0 when callout number n is - reached for the nth time - \C*n pass the number n (may be negative) as callout - data; this is used as the callout return value - \D use the pcre_dfa_exec() match function - \F only shortest match for pcre_dfa_exec() - \Gdd call pcre_get_substring() for substring dd - after a successful match (number less than 32) - \Gname call pcre_get_named_substring() for substring - "name" after a successful match (name termin- - ated by next non-alphanumeric character) - \L call pcre_get_substringlist() after a - successful match - \M discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and - MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings - \N pass the PCRE_NOTEMPTY option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \Odd set the size of the output vector passed to - pcre_exec() to dd (any number of digits) - \P pass the PCRE_PARTIAL option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \Qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION limit to dd - (any number of digits) - \R pass the PCRE_DFA_RESTART option to pcre_dfa_exec() - \S output details of memory get/free calls during matching - \Z pass the PCRE_NOTEOL option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \? pass the PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK option to - pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() - \>dd start the match at offset dd (any number of digits); - this sets the startoffset argument for pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \<cr> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CR option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \<lf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_LF option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \<crlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \<anycrlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - \<any> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY option to pcre_exec() - or pcre_dfa_exec() - - The escapes that specify line ending sequences are literal strings, - exactly as shown. No more than one newline setting should be present in - any data line. - - A backslash followed by anything else just escapes the anything else. - If the very last character is a backslash, it is ignored. This gives a - way of passing an empty line as data, since a real empty line termi- - nates the data input. - - If \M is present, pcretest calls pcre_exec() several times, with dif- - ferent values in the match_limit and match_limit_recursion fields of - the pcre_extra data structure, until it finds the minimum numbers for - each parameter that allow pcre_exec() to complete. The match_limit num- - ber is a measure of the amount of backtracking that takes place, and - checking it out can be instructive. For most simple matches, the number - is quite small, but for patterns with very large numbers of matching - possibilities, it can become large very quickly with increasing length - of subject string. The match_limit_recursion number is a measure of how - much stack (or, if PCRE is compiled with NO_RECURSE, how much heap) - memory is needed to complete the match attempt. - - When \O is used, the value specified may be higher or lower than the - size set by the -O command line option (or defaulted to 45); \O applies - only to the call of pcre_exec() for the line in which it appears. - - If the /P modifier was present on the pattern, causing the POSIX wrap- - per API to be used, the only option-setting sequences that have any - effect are \B and \Z, causing REG_NOTBOL and REG_NOTEOL, respectively, - to be passed to regexec(). - - The use of \x{hh...} to represent UTF-8 characters is not dependent on - the use of the /8 modifier on the pattern. It is recognized always. - There may be any number of hexadecimal digits inside the braces. The - result is from one to six bytes, encoded according to the UTF-8 rules. - - -THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION - - By default, pcretest uses the standard PCRE matching function, - pcre_exec() to match each data line. From release 6.0, PCRE supports an - alternative matching function, pcre_dfa_test(), which operates in a - different way, and has some restrictions. The differences between the - two functions are described in the pcrematching documentation. - - If a data line contains the \D escape sequence, or if the command line - contains the -dfa option, the alternative matching function is called. - This function finds all possible matches at a given point. If, however, - the \F escape sequence is present in the data line, it stops after the - first match is found. This is always the shortest possible match. - - -DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST - - This section describes the output when the normal matching function, - pcre_exec(), is being used. - - When a match succeeds, pcretest outputs the list of captured substrings - that pcre_exec() returns, starting with number 0 for the string that - matched the whole pattern. Otherwise, it outputs "No match" or "Partial - match" when pcre_exec() returns PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH or PCRE_ERROR_PAR- - TIAL, respectively, and otherwise the PCRE negative error number. Here - is an example of an interactive pcretest run. - - $ pcretest - PCRE version 7.0 30-Nov-2006 - - re> /^abc(\d+)/ - data> abc123 - 0: abc123 - 1: 123 - data> xyz - No match - - If the strings contain any non-printing characters, they are output as - \0x escapes, or as \x{...} escapes if the /8 modifier was present on - the pattern. See below for the definition of non-printing characters. - If the pattern has the /+ modifier, the output for substring 0 is fol- - lowed by the the rest of the subject string, identified by "0+" like - this: - - re> /cat/+ - data> cataract - 0: cat - 0+ aract - - If the pattern has the /g or /G modifier, the results of successive - matching attempts are output in sequence, like this: - - re> /\Bi(\w\w)/g - data> Mississippi - 0: iss - 1: ss - 0: iss - 1: ss - 0: ipp - 1: pp - - "No match" is output only if the first match attempt fails. - - If any of the sequences \C, \G, or \L are present in a data line that - is successfully matched, the substrings extracted by the convenience - functions are output with C, G, or L after the string number instead of - a colon. This is in addition to the normal full list. The string length - (that is, the return from the extraction function) is given in paren- - theses after each string for \C and \G. - - Note that whereas patterns can be continued over several lines (a plain - ">" prompt is used for continuations), data lines may not. However new- - lines can be included in data by means of the \n escape (or \r, \r\n, - etc., depending on the newline sequence setting). - - -OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION - - When the alternative matching function, pcre_dfa_exec(), is used (by - means of the \D escape sequence or the -dfa command line option), the - output consists of a list of all the matches that start at the first - point in the subject where there is at least one match. For example: - - re> /(tang|tangerine|tan)/ - data> yellow tangerine\D - 0: tangerine - 1: tang - 2: tan - - (Using the normal matching function on this data finds only "tang".) - The longest matching string is always given first (and numbered zero). - - If /g is present on the pattern, the search for further matches resumes - at the end of the longest match. For example: - - re> /(tang|tangerine|tan)/g - data> yellow tangerine and tangy sultana\D - 0: tangerine - 1: tang - 2: tan - 0: tang - 1: tan - 0: tan - - Since the matching function does not support substring capture, the - escape sequences that are concerned with captured substrings are not - relevant. - - -RESTARTING AFTER A PARTIAL MATCH - - When the alternative matching function has given the PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL - return, indicating that the subject partially matched the pattern, you - can restart the match with additional subject data by means of the \R - escape sequence. For example: - - re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ - data> 23ja\P\D - Partial match: 23ja - data> n05\R\D - 0: n05 - - For further information about partial matching, see the pcrepartial - documentation. - - -CALLOUTS - - If the pattern contains any callout requests, pcretest's callout func- - tion is called during matching. This works with both matching func- - tions. By default, the called function displays the callout number, the - start and current positions in the text at the callout time, and the - next pattern item to be tested. For example, the output - - --->pqrabcdef - 0 ^ ^ \d - - indicates that callout number 0 occurred for a match attempt starting - at the fourth character of the subject string, when the pointer was at - the seventh character of the data, and when the next pattern item was - \d. Just one circumflex is output if the start and current positions - are the same. - - Callouts numbered 255 are assumed to be automatic callouts, inserted as - a result of the /C pattern modifier. In this case, instead of showing - the callout number, the offset in the pattern, preceded by a plus, is - output. For example: - - re> /\d?[A-E]\*/C - data> E* - --->E* - +0 ^ \d? - +3 ^ [A-E] - +8 ^^ \* - +10 ^ ^ - 0: E* - - The callout function in pcretest returns zero (carry on matching) by - default, but you can use a \C item in a data line (as described above) - to change this. - - Inserting callouts can be helpful when using pcretest to check compli- - cated regular expressions. For further information about callouts, see - the pcrecallout documentation. - - -NON-PRINTING CHARACTERS - - When pcretest is outputting text in the compiled version of a pattern, - bytes other than 32-126 are always treated as non-printing characters - are are therefore shown as hex escapes. - - When pcretest is outputting text that is a matched part of a subject - string, it behaves in the same way, unless a different locale has been - set for the pattern (using the /L modifier). In this case, the - isprint() function to distinguish printing and non-printing characters. - - -SAVING AND RELOADING COMPILED PATTERNS - - The facilities described in this section are not available when the - POSIX inteface to PCRE is being used, that is, when the /P pattern mod- - ifier is specified. - - When the POSIX interface is not in use, you can cause pcretest to write - a compiled pattern to a file, by following the modifiers with > and a - file name. For example: - - /pattern/im >/some/file - - See the pcreprecompile documentation for a discussion about saving and - re-using compiled patterns. - - The data that is written is binary. The first eight bytes are the - length of the compiled pattern data followed by the length of the - optional study data, each written as four bytes in big-endian order - (most significant byte first). If there is no study data (either the - pattern was not studied, or studying did not return any data), the sec- - ond length is zero. The lengths are followed by an exact copy of the - compiled pattern. If there is additional study data, this follows imme- - diately after the compiled pattern. After writing the file, pcretest - expects to read a new pattern. - - A saved pattern can be reloaded into pcretest by specifing < and a file - name instead of a pattern. The name of the file must not contain a < - character, as otherwise pcretest will interpret the line as a pattern - delimited by < characters. For example: - - re> </some/file - Compiled regex loaded from /some/file - No study data - - When the pattern has been loaded, pcretest proceeds to read data lines - in the usual way. - - You can copy a file written by pcretest to a different host and reload - it there, even if the new host has opposite endianness to the one on - which the pattern was compiled. For example, you can compile on an i86 - machine and run on a SPARC machine. - - File names for saving and reloading can be absolute or relative, but - note that the shell facility of expanding a file name that starts with - a tilde (~) is not available. - - The ability to save and reload files in pcretest is intended for test- - ing and experimentation. It is not intended for production use because - only a single pattern can be written to a file. Furthermore, there is - no facility for supplying custom character tables for use with a - reloaded pattern. If the original pattern was compiled with custom - tables, an attempt to match a subject string using a reloaded pattern - is likely to cause pcretest to crash. Finally, if you attempt to load - a file that is not in the correct format, the result is undefined. - - -SEE ALSO - - pcre(3), pcreapi(3), pcrecallout(3), pcrematching(3), pcrepartial(d), - pcrepattern(3), pcreprecompile(3). - - -AUTHOR - - Philip Hazel - University Computing Service - Cambridge CB2 3QH, England. - - -REVISION - - Last updated: 24 April 2007 - Copyright (c) 1997-2007 University of Cambridge. |